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Biology

Upgrading Courses

The following courses are offered through the Adult Basic Education (ABE) department. For information, please call 250-740-6425.

BIOL 047 Biology 11-Advanced

Equivalent to Biology 11. Includes a survey of all the kingdoms of life, evolution and ecology. This course is a prerequisite for many university and vocational programs. It may used toward an Advanced Certificate.

Prerequisite: ENGL 037 or equivalent assessment.

BIOL 067 Biology 12-Provincial (Ends Aug 2010)

Equivalent to Biology 12. Biology 067 covers human biology, basic genetics and cell biology. This course is useful for other university and vocational programs, especially the health sciences. It may be used towards a Provincial Certificate.

Prerequisite: ENGL 037 or equivalent assessment.

BIOL 067 Biology 12 - Provincial (Effective Sep 2010) (Ends Aug 2010)

Equivalent to Biology 12. Biology 067 covers human biology, basic genetics and cell biology. This course is useful for other university and vocational programs, especially the health sciences. It may be used towards a Provincial Certificate.

Prerequisite: ENGL 037 or equivalent assessment and SCIE 030 or equivalent, or permission of the instructor.

BIOL 067 Biology 12 - Provincial (Effective Sep 2010)

Equivalent to Biology 12, Biology 067 covers human biology, basic genetics and cell biology. This course is useful for other university and vocational programs, especially the health sciences. It may be used towards a Provincial Certificate.

Prerequisite: Min. "C+" in ENGL 047, or equivalent assessment ; Min. "C+" in SCIE 030, or equivalent; or permission of the instructor.

University/Career/Technology Courses

VIU offers a Bachelor of Science, Major in Biology, a Bachelor of Science, Minor in Biology as well as a Bachelor of Arts with a Minor in Biology. The following courses are offered through the Faculty of Science and Technology.

BIOL 121  (4)  Introductory Zoology

An introduction to the biology of invertebrate and vertebrate animals from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Emphasis is on the diverse behavioural, physiological and ecological adaptations of living animals. Labs emphasize taxonomic classification, evolutionary trends and functional morphology of the major animal phyla. (3:0:2)

Prerequisite: Min. "C+" in Biol 11 or Biol 12, and 2 of the following: Math 11, Phys 11, and Chem 11. Chem 12 recommended.

BIOL 122  (4)  Introductory Plant Biology (Ends Sep 2009)

An introduction to the study of plants and plant-like organisms including bacteria, algae, fungi, non-vascular plants and vascular plants. The structures, life cycles, ecology, taxonomy, evolution and economic importance of these groups will be studied. Representative specimens will be studied in labs. (3:0:2)

Prerequisite: Min. "C+" in Biol 11 or Biol 12, and 2 of the following: Math 11, Phys 11, and Chem 11. Chem 12 recommended.

BIOL 123  (4)  Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Biology

An introduction to sub-organismal biology that will compliment the organismal biology discussed in BIOL 121. Topics include the chemistry of life from atoms to macromolecules, cellular structures and organelles, membranes, mitosis and meiosis, respiration, photosynthesis, genetics, protein production and evolution. (3:0:2)

Prerequisite: Min. "C+" in Biol 11 or Biol 12, two of Math 11, Phys 11, Chem 11; Chem 12 recommended.

BIOL 151  (3)  Principles of Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals I

Introduction to human structure and function, emphasizing basic physiological principles and homeostasis. Topics: cell, tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system. Note 1: This course is offered entirely online, except for the final exam, which must be written at the Nanaimo campus (or at any other post-secondary institution in BC upon permission of Instructor). Note 2: Science students need BIOL 151 and BIOL 152 for equivalency to BIOL 156. Credit will only be granted for one of PHED 201 or BIOL 151. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: Min of "C+" in each of Biology 11 or Biology 12, Math 11, and Chemistry 11. Biology 12 and Chemistry 12 recommended.

BIOL 152  (1)  Labs in Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals I (Ends Nov 2009)

Introductory laboratories in human anatomy and physiology, emphasizing basic techniques relevant to health professionals. Topics: basic chemistry, microscopy, anatomy of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems, and diagnostic testing of nervous function. Note: Science students must complete BIOL 151 and BIOL 152 for credit equivalent to BIOL 156. (0:1:3)

Prerequisite: Min of "C-" in Biol 151 or permission of instructor.

BIOL 152  (1)  Labs in Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals I (Effective Nov 2009)

Introductory laboratories in human anatomy and physiology, emphasizing basic techniques relevant to health professionals. Topics: basic chemistry, microscopy, anatomy of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems, and diagnostic testing of nervous function. Note: Science students must complete BIOL 151 and BIOL 152 for credit equivalent to BIOL 156. (0:1:3)

Prerequisite: Min. of "C-" in BIOL 151 (may be taken concurrently) or permission of instructor.

BIOL 153  (3)  Principles of Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals II

Introduction to human structure and function, emphasizing basic physiological principles and homeostasis. Topics: endocrine system, cardiovascular system, immune system, etc. Course offered online. Note 1: This course is offered entirely online, except for the final exam, which must be written at the Nanaimo campus (or at any other post-secondary institution in BC upon permission of Instructor). Note 2: Science students need BIOL 153 and BIOL 154 for equivalency to BIOL 157. Credit given for only one of BIOL 153, BIOL 157 and PHED 220. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: Min of "C-" in BIOL 151 or BIOL 156.

BIOL 154  (1)  Labs in Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professionals II (Ends Nov 2009)

Introductory laboratories in human anatomy and physiology, emphasizing basic techniques relevant to health professionals. Topics: hormones of endocrine system, hematology/cardiology function, techniques in immunology/microbiology, anatomy/testing of respiratory, digestive and urinary function, reproductive health/heredity. Note: Science students must complete BIOL 153 and BIOL 154 for credit equivalent to BIOL 157. (0:1:3)

Prerequisite: Min of "C-" in BIOL 153 or permission of instructor.

BIOL 154  (1)  Labs in Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professionals II (Effective Nov 2009)

Introductory laboratories in human anatomy and physiology, emphasizing basic techniques relevant to health professionals. Topics: hormones of endocrine system, hematology/cardiology function, techniques in immunology/microbiology, anatomy/testing of respiratory, digestive and urinary function, reproductive health/heredity. Note: Science students must complete BIOL 153 and BIOL 154 for credit equivalent to BIOL 157. (0:1:3)

Prerequisite: Min. of "C-" in BIOL 153 (may be taken concurrently) or permission of instructor.

BIOL 156  (4)  Nursing: Anatomy and Physiology I

An introduction to human anatomy and physiology by exploring tissue and organ structure in relation to function. Topics include: chemical, cellular and tissue levels of body organization; microbiology; integumentary, musculoskeletal and nervous systems; and special senses. Credit will only be granted for one of BIOL 151 and BIOL 152, PHED 201 or BIOL 156. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C+" in Biology 11 or Biology 12, Math 11 and Chemistry 11. Biology 12 and Chemistry 12 recommended.

BIOL 157  (4)  Nursing: Anatomy and Physiology II

A continuation of BIOL 156. A further introduction to human body structure and function in relation to physiological principles and mechanisms. Topics include the endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic and immune systems, respiratory system, digestive system and metabolism, urinary system and fluid balance, reproductive system, heredity and development. Credit will only be granted for one of BIOL 153 and BIOL 154, PHED 220 or BIOL 157. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 156, or in BIOL 151 and BIOL 152.

BIOL 200  (3)  Introduction to Cell Biology

Introduction to fundamental principles governing cell structure and function. Topics: cytological techniques, cell membrane, cell-cell interactions, extra-cellular matrix, cell organelles, cytoskeleton, cell movement, and signal transduction. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201 and CHEM 231.

BIOL 201  (3)  Principles of Biochemistry

An introduction to the principles of Biochemistry. Topics include properties of biomolecules, basic enzymology, metabolism, bioenergetics, nucleic acid and protein structure and synthesis, biochemical signalling, and an introduction to immunochemistry. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in CHEM 111 or CHEM 121 and CHEM 122 plus CHEM 231 (may be taken concurrently).

BIOL 202  (3)  Ecology (Ends Aug 2009)

A study of the physical environment and its effects on individuals, followed by a survey of populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and general principles of ecology. Labs will deal with both field and experimental aspects of ecology. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 121/122, and CHEM 111/112 or CHEM 121/122.

BIOL 202  (3)  Ecology (Effective Sep 2009)

A study of the physical environment and its effects on individuals, followed by a survey of populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and general principles of ecology. Labs will deal with both field and experimental aspects of ecology. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 121/122 or BIOL 121/123, and CHEM 111/112 or CHEM 121/122.

BIOL 210  (3)  Microbiology I (Ends Aug 2009)

An introduction to the many disciplines associated with microbiology. Topics include procaryotic cell structure and function, growth of micro-organisms, bacterial physiology and genetics, diversity of microbes in the environment, and microbial ecology. (3:0:2)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in all of BIOL 121, BIOL 122, BIOL 201 and CHEM 231 (BIOL 201 and CHEM 231 may be taken concurrently).

BIOL 210  (3)  Microbiology I (Effective Sep 2009)

An introduction to the many disciplines associated with microbiology. Topics include procaryotic cell structure and function, growth of micro-organisms, bacterial physiology and genetics, diversity of microbes in the environment, and microbial ecology. (3:0:2)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 121/122 or BIOL 121/123, and BIOL 201 and CHEM 231 (BIOL 201 and CHEM 231 may be taken concurrently).

BIOL 211  (3)  Microbiology II

A continuation of BIOL 210, including immunology and microbial pathogenesis, medical microbiology, and virology. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210.

BIOL 212  (3)  Genetics

An analysis of the nature and function of genetic material; transmission genetics; molecular genetics and population genetics. (3:1:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201, CHEM 112 or CHEM 122.

BIOL 223  (3)  Botany

An overview of the characters and life cycles of fungi, algae, and plants. Topics include cell division, plant anatomy and cell types, mating systems, photosynthesis and basic plant physiology, systematics and evolution, and plant biogeography. BIOL 223 was formerly called BIOL 122; credit will not be granted for both courses. (3:0:1.5)

Prerequisite: Min. "C–" in BIOL 121 and BIOL 123, as well as CHEM 111/122 or CHEM 121/122.

BIOL 304  (3)  Plant Physiology

An overview of mechanisms and biochemistry involved in plant resource acquisition and allocation, and an introduction to the hormonal regulation of plant growth and defense. Topics include photosynthesis, water relations, ion transport, metabolism of macronutrients, phytohormones, phenolics, and tissue culture techniques. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201 and either BIOL 200 or AQUA 204.

BIOL 305  (3)  Animal Physiology

Comparative approach to basic physiology of invertebrates and vertebrates. Topics: fundamental principles of body organization, homeostasis, nutrition, osmotic balance, respiration, circulation, muscular contraction, sensory systems, nervous systems and brains, hormone function, and reproduction. Includes examples of how physiological adaptations permit animals to thrive in diverse habitats. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201 and a min. "C-" in one of either BIOL 200 or FISH 123.

BIOL 310  (3)  Invertebrate Zoology (Ends Apr 2010)

Advanced invertebrate zoology from evolutionary perspective, integrating phylogenetic trends with physiological and behavioural adaptations, and ecological and symbiotic interactions. Rich diversity of marine invertebrates stressed. Bamfield Marine Station field trip compulsory (nominal cost). Note: Not offered every year. Credit will only be granted for one of AQUA 205 or BIOL 310. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202.

BIOL 310  (3)  Invertebrate Zoology (Effective May 2010)

Advanced invertebrate zoology from evolutionary perspective, integrating phylogenetic trends with physiological and behavioural adaptations, and ecological and symbiotic interactions. Rich diversity of marine invertebrates stressed. Bamfield Marine Station field trip compulsory (nominal cost). Note: Not offered every year. Credit will only be granted for one of AQUA 205 or BIOL 310. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, or RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade.

BIOL 315  (3)  Parasitology (Ends Apr 2010)

An examination of the diverse adaptations and life cycles of animal parasites with focus on those of medical, veterinary, and fisheries significance. Topics include epidemiology, mechanisms of pathology, and the complex physiological, biochemical, and immunological interactions between hosts and parasites. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 315  (3)  Parasitology (Effective May 2010)

An examination of the diverse adaptations and life cycles of animal parasites with focus on those of medical, veterinary, and fisheries significance. Topics include epidemiology, mechanisms of pathology, and the complex physiological, biochemical, and immunological interactions between hosts and parasites. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 320  (3)  Aquatic Ecosystems (Ends Apr 2010)

An examination of biological and physicochemical processes influencing function and trophic structure of aquatic habitats, with emphasis on freshwater ecosystems including lakes, streams, and wetlands. Field trips and laboratories will focus on various techniques used to study aquatic habitats. Note: Some weekend field trips may be required. Credit will only be granted for one of FISH 321 or BIOL 320. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 320  (3)  Aquatic Ecosystems (Effective May 2010)

An examination of biological and physicochemical processes influencing function and trophic structure of aquatic habitats, with emphasis on freshwater ecosystems including lakes, streams, and wetlands. Field trips and laboratories will focus on various techniques used to study aquatic habitats. Note: Some weekend field trips may be required. Credit will only be granted for one of FISH 321 or BIOL 320. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 322  (3)  Terrestrial Ecosystems (Ends Apr 2010)

An analysis of the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Topics include the world's terrestrial biomes and the impact of human activity on them. Labs will include field trips to some typical terrestrial ecosystems of the area with emphasis on sampling techniques and analysis of soil, flora, fauna and physical factors that regulate these systems. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 322  (3)  Terrestrial Ecosystems (Effective May 2010)

An analysis of the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems. Topics include the world's terrestrial biomes and the impact of human activity on them. Labs will include field trips to some typical terrestrial ecosystems of the area with emphasis on sampling techniques and analysis of soil, flora, fauna and physical factors that regulate these systems. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 329  (3)  Vertebrates of B.C. (Ends Apr 2010)

An examination of the evolution, classification, natural history, identification, management, and conservation of the terrestrial vertebrates of BC. Lectures provide the conceptual background. Laboratories emphasize identification of terrestrial vertebrates native to BC. Includes regular field trips to local areas, as well as a compulsory trip to the Bamfield Marine Station, with nominal cost. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 329  (3)  Vertebrates of B.C. (Effective May 2010)

An examination of the evolution, classification, natural history, identification, management, and conservation of the terrestrial vertebrates of BC. Lectures provide the conceptual background. Laboratories emphasize identification of terrestrial vertebrates native to BC. Includes regular field trips to local areas, as well as a compulsory trip to the Bamfield Marine Station, with nominal cost. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 332  (3)  Microbial Ecology

An understanding of microbes and their importance in the global ecosystem, including the interrelationships between microbes and the higher organisms. Topics include the role of microbes in evolution, biogeochemical cycles, various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and environmental pollution problems. Explores the methodologies used to study the activities of microbes in nature. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210. BIOL 212 is recommended.

BIOL 333  (3)  Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Biology

An intensive laboratory course dealing with the methodology used in recombinant DNA technology. The course includes DNA and vector purification, restriction endonuclease analysis of bacterial genome, cloning with a plasmid vector, and related screening procedures. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210, CHEM 231, and either BIOL 211 or BIOL 212.

BIOL 334  (3)  Virology

An introduction to virus structure, biochemistry, replication and pathogenesis. Representatives from the different prokaryotic and animal virus families will be used to demonstrate the structural, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of the different virus groups. Includes discussion on the molecular mechanisms of replication and cellular/molecular viral pathogenesis. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210.

BIOL 336  (3)  Bacterial Genetics

An overview of the genetics of prokaryotes and their viruses. Topics include "traditional" bacterial genetics and contemporary aspects of prokaryotic molecular genetics, analysis of experimental observations, and critical reviews of relevant current literature in the field. Note: not offered every year. Credit will only be granted for one of BIOL 331 or BIOL 336. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210 and BIOL 212.

BIOL 337  (3)  Biochemistry and Physiology of Microbes

An advanced exploration of the structure and biochemical processes of microbes, with emphasis on prokaryotes. Concepts underlying the role of microbes in biotechnology, pathogenesis, and the environment are discussed. Topics include bioenergetics of growth, metabolism, biochemical communication, differentiation, and relevant research techniques. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201 and BIOL 210.

BIOL 341  (3)  Molecular Cell Biology

The course presents aspects of modern molecular cell biology, with emphasis on systems in eukaryotes that enable cells to function in multicellular organisms. Topics include gene expression, nervous transmission, cell cycle control, signal transduction, cancer, etc. Followed by BIOL 342 in the Molecular Biology Stream. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201, BIOL 212, CHEM 231, and either BIOL 200 or FISH 123.

BIOL 342  (3)  Advanced Biochemistry

This course examines modern biochemical analysis of metabolic processes, including enzyme structure and function and synthesis of the major groups of macromolecules. Lab exercises include various macromolecule purification and detection techniques. This is the second course in the Molecular Biology stream in the Biology Program, following BIOL 341. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 201, BIOL 212, CHEM 231, and either BIOL 200 or FISH 123.

BIOL 351  (3)  Population and Community Ecology (Ends Apr 2010)

An advanced examination of complex associations of plant and animal species and their interactions with abiotic factors in the physical environment. Focus is on theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding population dynamics and the structure and function of communities. Laboratories emphasize hypothesis-oriented experiments in the field and sampling techniques for populations and communities. A field trip to Bamfield Marine Station is compulsory, with a nominal cost. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 351  (3)  Population and Community Ecology (Effective May 2010)

An advanced examination of complex associations of plant and animal species and their interactions with abiotic factors in the physical environment. Focus is on theoretical and experimental approaches to understanding population dynamics and the structure and function of communities. Laboratories emphasize hypothesis-oriented experiments in the field and sampling techniques for populations and communities. A field trip to Bamfield Marine Station is compulsory, with a nominal cost. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 353  (3)  Algae and Fungi

Examination of structures, life histories, phylogenetic relationships and ecology of the algae (Kingdom Protista), and the fungi (Kingdom Fungi). Representative specimens will be observed in the laboratories. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202 or in AQUA 204.

BIOL 354  (3)  Bryophytes and Vascular Plants

Detailed study of the anatomy, morphology, life cycles, evolution and ecology of bryophytes and vascular plant groups (Plant Kingdom). Emphasis on flowering plants, their taxonomy at the family level, physiology, growth, and development. Representative specimens will be studied in laboratories. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202 or in AQUA 204.

BIOL 357  (3)  Entomology (Ends Apr 2010)

An examination of taxonomy, morphology, physiology, ecology, behaviour and life history of insects. Topics include the economic importance of insects as pollinators, as agricultural and forest pests, and as vectors of human diseases. Labs study insect classification and diversity through collecting, identifying and mounting specimens. Includes several field trips to local aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Students must obtain collecting gear and instructions from instructor during the summer prior to the course. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 357  (3)  Entomology (Effective May 2010)

An examination of taxonomy, morphology, physiology, ecology, behaviour and life history of insects. Topics include the economic importance of insects as pollinators, as agricultural and forest pests, and as vectors of human diseases. Labs study insect classification and diversity through collecting, identifying and mounting specimens. Includes several field trips to local aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Students must obtain collecting gear and instructions from instructor during the summer prior to the course. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 358  (3)  Comparative Vertebrate Zoology (Ends Apr 2010)

An overview of vertebrate evolution, focusing on comparative morphology, anatomy and ecology. Laboratories emphasize form and function by examining the evolutionary changes that this diverse group of animals has undergone. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 358  (3)  Comparative Vertebrate Zoology (Effective May 2010)

An overview of vertebrate evolution, focusing on comparative morphology, anatomy and ecology. Laboratories emphasize form and function by examining the evolutionary changes that this diverse group of animals has undergone. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 359  (3)  Biomes and Plants of British Columbia

A field-oriented course on techniques of plant identification, and dominant plant species and biogeoclimatic zones of B.C. A 6-day field trip will visit most of these zones. Labs focus on identifying subclasses, families and species of vascular plants. Lectures explore phylogenetic relationships and ecology of plant species distributions in B.C. (9:0:9 for 4 weeks)

Prerequisite: BIOL 202 or permission of instructor.

BIOL 360  (3)  Intro to Animal Behaviour (Ends Apr 2010)

A study of animal behaviour, emphasizing how scientists use evolutionary theory to study the behaviour of animals. An examination of the biological significance, the physiological mechanisms, and the ecological importance of behaviour. Weekly seminars will replace a lab section, and an independent research project will be required. Note: Not offered every year. (3:2:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 360  (3)  Intro to Animal Behaviour (Effective May 2010)

A study of animal behaviour, emphasizing how scientists use evolutionary theory to study the behaviour of animals. An examination of the biological significance, the physiological mechanisms, and the ecological importance of behaviour. Weekly seminars will replace a lab section, and an independent research project will be required. Note: Not offered every year. (3:2:0)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 365  (3)  Biotechnology (Ends Apr 2010)

An introduction to methods and goals of modern biotechnology. Topics include animal and biomedical biotechnology, microbial biotechnology and bioremediation, and plant biotechnology including genetic modification of agriculturally important plants. The course will also examine some of the social and ethical issues associated with biotechnology. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: BIOL 123 and BIOL 212.

BIOL 365  (3)  Biotechnology (Effective May 2010)

An introduction to methods and goals of modern biotechnology. Topics include animal and biomedical biotechnology, microbial biotechnology and bioremediation, and plant biotechnology including genetic modification of agriculturally important plants. The course will also examine some of the social and ethical issues associated with biotechnology. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" grade in each of BIOL 123 and BIOL 212.

BIOL 395  (6)  Tropical Biology

An opportunity for study in the tropical ecosystems of Belize, Central America. Topics include the study of tropical biodiversity, ecosystem structure and function, and nutrient cycling of rainforest and coral reef habitats. For further details, visit the website at web.viu.ca/belize. Note: Not offered every year. (3:3:0 —120 for 6 weeks)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or permission of instructor.

BIOL 402  (3)  Evolution

An examination of the history of evolutionary thought, the mechanisms of evolutionary change in populations, extinction, speciation, molecular evolution, and evolutionary interactions among species. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: BIOL 491 (may be taken concurrently), or permission of instructor.

BIOL 403  (3)  Current Topics in Biology

A discussion of the fundamental ideas, concepts and current issues in science and the life sciences that affect our society. Students participate in regular in-class discussions of assigned reading, and are required to lead discussions of specific current topics in Biology. (1:2:0)

Prerequisite: BIOL 491 (may be taken concurrently), or permission of instructor.

BIOL 415  (3)  Ecological Parasitology

An advanced study of the roles of parasites on the behaviour, genetics, ecology, and evolution of their hosts. Topics also include the biology of parasitic arthropods (via interactive CD-ROM) and immunoparasitology. A field trip to the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre is compulsory, with a nominal cost. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in Biology 315.

BIOL 432  (3)  Applied Microbiology

An advanced exposure to the applications of microorganisms in addressing human problems and needs. Fundamentals of microbial physiology, genetics, and ecological interactions are developed as students explore topics in food and beverage production, forestry and agriculture, aquaculture, bioremediation and biodegradation of pollutants, and other industrial processes. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210.

BIOL 435  (3)  Immunology (Ends Apr 2010)

A study of the general functions of the human immune system; the cellular, genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in immunology; the role of immunity in infectious and non-infectious diseases; immune deficiencies and auto-immune disorders. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210.

BIOL 435  (3)  Immunology (Effective May 2010)

A study of the general functions of the human immune system; the cellular, genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in immunology; the role of immunity in infectious and non-infectious diseases; immune deficiencies and auto-immune disorders. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 200.

BIOL 436  (3)  Pathogenic Microbiology

An explanation of the general principles of microbial pathogenesis, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved with specific bacteria, and the epidemiology of the various bacterial pathogens. Material is presented in lecture and lab sections, as well as via reading, writing and presentation exercises. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 210.

BIOL 437  (3)  Applied Epidemiology

An introduction to the principles and practice of studying diseases in populations. Covers observational study methods, principles of disease causation, health determinants and disease dynamics, clinical epidemiology, and field epidemiology. Seminars involve case studies and critical review of the literature. Human and animal health issues are discussed. Note: not offered every year. (3:3:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in each of BIOL 202 and 210.

BIOL 443  (3)  Developmental Biology

A study of animal development and the mechanisms that control it. Introductory embryology of vertebrates and invertebrates will be coordinated with the analysis of developmental processes. Topics will include gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, embryogenesis, organogenesis, cellular differentiation, growth, metamorphosis, and regeneration. Note: not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 200, BIOL 201, and BIOL 212.

BIOL 445  (3)  Molecular Genetics

An in-depth examination of the molecular basis of gene expression and heredity. Emphasis will be on the use of modern molecular biological techniques to analyze the different levels of gene expression and the mechanisms of DNA replication. Topics will include transgenic organisms, gene therapy, genetic diseases, etc. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 200 and BIOL 212.

BIOL 456  (3)  Biogeography (Ends Apr 2010)

An examination of the patterns seen in the distributions of plant and animal groups around the world, and of the factors influencing those distributions, such as plate tectonics, patterns of evolution and dispersal, geography, climate and ecology. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 456  (3)  Biogeography (Effective May 2010)

An examination of the patterns seen in the distributions of plant and animal groups around the world, and of the factors influencing those distributions, such as plate tectonics, patterns of evolution and dispersal, geography, climate and ecology. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 457  (3)  Biodiversity and Conservation Biology (Ends Apr 2010)

An introduction to methods used in modern taxonomy and biodiversity assessment, including the various types and meanings of biodiversity, Internet resources, interactive computer programs for storing and manipulating taxonomic data, factors that generate and maintain biodiversity in various biomes, and the presentation of results to other biologists. Note 1: Not offered every year. Note 2: A broad background in Biology is advantageous. (3:0:1)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 202, or in both AQUA 204 and AQUA 205, or in both RMOT 192 and RMOT 201.

BIOL 457  (3)  Biodiversity and Conservation Biology (Effective May 2010)

This course explores how humans affect biodiversity and investigates the multidisciplinary approaches used to document changes in biological diversity and prevent the extinction of species and the loss of their habitat. Note: Not offered every year. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: One of BIOL 202, FRST 234, GEOG 211, RMOT 201, with a min. "C-" grade; or AQUA 204 and AQUA 205 with a min. "C-" grade in each.

BIOL 465  (3)  Endocrinology (Ends Apr 2010)

An introduction to principles of hormone action. Focuses on human hormones, with examples from other species. Particular emphasis on control of blood glucose levels by the pancreas, the reproductive system and its hormones, and how hormones influence human behaviour. Note: not offered every year. (3:2:0)

Prerequisite: BIOL 200 and BIOL 201.

BIOL 465  (3)  Endocrinology (Effective May 2010)

An introduction to principles of hormone action. Focuses on human hormones, with examples from other species. Particular emphasis on control of blood glucose levels by the pancreas, the reproductive system and its hormones, and how hormones influence human behaviour. Note: not offered every year. (3:2:0)

Prerequisite: Min. "C-" in BIOL 200.

BIOL 490  (3)  Directed Studies in Biology

Departmental permission may be given for supervised individual study or directed readings. Complete arrangements must be made with an instructor in the department before registering. Consult the Chair if you plan to take this course. Content must be demonstrated to be independent of the BIOL 491 research topic. (3:0:0)

Prerequisite: Completion of min. 12 upper-level Biology credits.

BIOL 491  (6)  Undergraduate Research Project

An opportunity to work on a research project under the direct supervision of faculty. Students will develop research proposals with their faculty supervisor, carry out the research and prepare a full scientific report. Presentation of the proposal and a report on the results are required at two seminars. Encompasses both Fall and Spring semesters for any given academic year. Note: A Faculty Advisor Endorsement form is required for registration. See department Chair for details. (0:0:3 for 30 weeks)

Prerequisite: Minimum of 18 upper-level Biology credits.

BIOL 492  (3)  Teaching Undergraduate Biology

An opportunity to gain laboratory/teaching experience in a field of biology relevant to career goals. The instructor and course technician expose the student to tasks involved in preparation and presentation of course labs. Supervised participation may include delivery of concepts, techniques or experimental design, offering hands-on assistance to students. (0:0:3)

Prerequisite: Min. "A-" in BIOL course of assignment, and permission from the instructor of the course of assignment.